November 3

November 3 is the 307th day of the year (308th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 58 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 644 – Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim caliph, is martyred by a Persian slave in Medina.
• 1468 – Liège is sacked by Charles I of Burgundy's troops.
• 1493 – Christopher Columbus first sights the island of Dominica in the Caribbean Sea.
• 1783 – John Austin, a highwayman, is the last person to be publicly hanged at London's Tyburn gallows.
• 1783 – The American Continental Army is disbanded.
• 1793 – French playwright, journalist and feminist Olympe de Gouges is guillotined.
• 1812 – Napoleon's armies are defeated at Vyazma
• 1817 – The Bank of Montreal, Canada's oldest chartered bank, opens in Montreal, Quebec.
• 1838 – The Times of India, the world's largest circulated English language daily broadsheet newspaper is founded as The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce.
• 1848 – A greatly revised Dutch constitution, drafted by Johan Rudolf Thorbecke, severely limiting the powers of the Dutch monarchy, and strengthening the powers of parliament and ministers, is proclaimed. This constitution is still in effect today.
• 1867 – Garibaldi and his followers are defeated in the Battle of Mentana and fail to end the Pope's Temporal power in Rome (it would be achieved three years later).
• 1883 – American Old West: Self-described "Black Bart the poet" gets away with his last stagecoach robbery, but leaves an incriminating clue that eventually leads to his capture.
• 1887 – Coimbra Academic Association, the oldest students' union in Portugal, is founded.
• 1903 – With the encouragement of the United States, Panama separates from Colombia.
• 1905 – Czar Nicholas II of Russia signs a document of amnesty for political prisoners.
• 1911 – Chevrolet officially enters the automobile market in competition with the Ford Model T.
• 1913 – The United States introduces an income tax.
• 1918 – Austria-Hungary enters into an armistice with the Allies, and the Habsburg-ruled empire dissolves.
• 1918 – Poland declares its independence from Russia.
• 1930 – Getúlio Dornelles Vargas becomes Head of the Provisional Government in Brazil after a bloodless coup on October 24.
• 1935 – George II of Greece regains his throne through a popular plebiscite.
• 1937 – underdog Maurice J. Tobin resoundingly defeats former governor and mayor James Michael Curley in a Boston mayoral election that shocks the political establishment.
• 1942 – World War II: Second Battle of El Alamein ends – German forces under Erwin Rommel are forced to retreat during the night.
• 1942 – World War II: The Koli Point action begins during the Guadalcanal Campaign and ends on November 12.
• 1943 – World War II: 500 aircraft of the U.S. 8th Air Force devastate Wilhelmshafen harbor in Germany.
• 1944 – World War II: Two supreme commanders of the Slovak National Uprising, Generals Ján Golian and Rudolf Viest are captured, tortured and later executed by German forces.
• 1957 – Sputnik program: The Soviet Union launches Sputnik 2. On board is the first animal to enter orbit, a dog named Laika.
• 1964 – Washington D.C. residents are able to vote in a presidential election for the first time.
• 1967 – Vietnam War: The Battle of Dak To begins.
• 1969 – Vietnam War: U.S. President Richard M. Nixon addresses the nation on television and radio, asking the "silent majority" to join him in solidarity on the Vietnam War effort and to support his policies.
• 1973 – Mariner program: NASA launches the Mariner 10 toward Mercury. On March 29, 1974, it becomes the first space probe to reach that planet.
• 1978 – Dominica gains its independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1979 – Greensboro massacre: Five members of the Communist Workers Party are shot dead and seven are wounded by a group of Klansmen and neo-Nazis during a "Death to the Klan" rally in Greensboro, North Carolina, United States.
• 1982 – The Salang tunnel fire in Afghanistan kills up to 2,000 people.
• 1986 – Iran-Contra Affair: The Lebanese magazine Ash-Shiraa reports that the United States has been secretly selling weapons to Iran in order to secure the release of seven American hostages held by pro-Iranian groups in Lebanon.
• 1986 – The Federated States of Micronesia gain independence from the United States of America.
• 1988 – Sri Lankan Tamil mercenaries try to overthrow the Maldivian government. At President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom's request, the Indian military suppresses the coup attempt within 24 hours.
• 1996 – Death of Abdullah Çatlı, leader of the Turkish ultra-nationalist organisation Grey Wolves in the Susurluk car-crash, which leads to the resignation of the Turkish Interior Minister, Mehmet Ağar (a leader of the True Path Party, DYP).
• 1997 – The United States of America imposes economic sanctions against Sudan in response to its human rights abuses of its own citizens and its material and political assistance to Islamic extremist groups across the Middle East and Eastern Africa.
• 2007 – Pervez Musharraf declares emergency rule across Pakistan. He suspends the Constitution, imposes a State of Emergency, and fires the chief justice of the Supreme Court.

Births

• 39 – Lucan, Roman poet (d. 65)
• 1500 – Benvenuto Cellini, Italian artist (d. 1571)
• 1558 – Thomas Kyd, English author (d. 1594)
• 1560 – Annibale Carracci, Italian painter (d. 1609)
• 1587 – Samuel Scheidt, German composer (d. 1654)
• 1604 – Osman II, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1622)
• 1618 – Aurangzeb, Mughal Emperor of India (d. 1707)
• 1633 – Bernardino Ramazzini, Italian physician (d. 1714)
• 1718 – John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, English statesman (d. 1792)
• 1749 – Daniel Rutherford, Scottish chemist and physician (d. 1819)
• 1757 – Robert Smith, American politician, 2nd Secretary of the Navy and 6th Secretary of State (d. 1842)
• 1793 – Stephen F. Austin, American pioneer (d. 1836)
• 1794 – William Cullen Bryant, American poet and journalist (d. 1878)
• 1799 – William Sprague III, American politician (d. 1856)
• 1801 – Karl Baedeker, German author and publisher (d. 1859)
• 1801 – Vincenzo Bellini, Italian composer (d. 1835)
• 1815 – John Mitchel, Irish nationalist (d. 1875)
• 1816 – Jubal Early, American Confederate general (d. 1894)
• 1816 – Calvin Fairbank, American abolitionist minister (d. 1898)
• 1845 – Edward Douglass White, 9th Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1921)
• 1852 – Emperor Meiji, 122nd Emperor of Japan (d. 1912)
• 1856 – Jim McCormick, American baseball player (d. 1918)
• 1857 – Mikhail Alekseev, Russian general (d. 1918)
• 1862 – Henry George, Jr., American politician (d. 1916)
• 1863 – Alfred Perot, French physicist (d. 1925)
• 1871 – Albert Goldthorpe, English rugby league footballer (d. 1943)
• 1876 – Stephen Peter Alencastre, Roman Catholic prelate (d. 1940)
• 1877 – Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, Chilean president. (d. 1960)
• 1887 – Joseph W. Martin, Jr., American politician, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (d. 1968)
• 1887 – Samuil Marshak, Russian writer and children's poet (d. 1964)
• 1890 – Eustaquio van Lieshout, Dutch priest (d. 1943)
• 1893 – Edward Adelbert Doisy, American biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1986)
• 1895 – Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia (d. 1918)
• 1896 – Gustaf Tenggren, Swedish illustrator (d. 1970)
• 1899 – Rezső Seress, Hungarian singer songwriter (d. 1968)
• 1899 – Gleb Wataghin, Ukrainian-born Italian physicist (d. 1986)
• 1900 – Adolf Dassler, German sporting goods executive (d. 1978)
• 1901 – Leopold III of Belgium (d. 1983)
• 1901 – André Malraux, French writer (d. 1976)
• 1903 – Walker Evans, American photographer (d. 1975)
• 1908 – Bronko Nagurski, American football player (d. 1990)
• 1909 – James Reston, American journalist (d. 1995)
• 1910 – Richard Hurndall, British actor (d. 1984)
• 1912 – Alfredo Stroessner, Paraguayan politician (d. 2006)
• 1915 – Hal Jackson, American radio personality
• 1918 – Bob Feller, American baseball player
• 1918 – Raimon Panikkar, Spanish theologian (d. 2010)
• 1918 – Elizabeth P. Hoisington, American Brigadier General (d. 2007)
• 1918 – Russell B. Long, American politician (d. 2003)
• 1918 – Dean Riesner, American film and television writer (d. 2002)
• 1919 – Jesús Blasco, Spanish comic book author (d. 1995)
• 1920 – Oodgeroo Noonuccal, Australian writer (d. 1993)
• 1921 – Charles Bronson, American actor (d. 2003)
• 1923 – Tomás Ó Fiaich, Irish cardinal (d. 1990)
• 1923 – Yamaguchi Hitomi, Japanese novelist and essayst (d. 1995)
• 1924 – Samuel Ruiz García, Mexican Roman Catholic bishop
• 1926 – Valdas Adamkus, Lithuanian president
• 1926 – Maurice Couture, French-Canadian Roman Catholic archbishop
• 1928 – Osamu Tezuka, Japanese manga artist (d. 1989)
• 1928 – Goseki Kojima, Japanese manga artist (d. 2000)
• 1930 – D. James Kennedy, American theologian (d. 2007)
• 1930 – Peggy McCay, American actress
• 1930 – Brian Robinson, British cyclist
• 1930 – Tsutomu Seki, Japanese astronomer
• 1930 – Lois Smith, American actress
• 1930 – Frits Staal, Dutch-American scholar
• 1931 – Yon Hyong-muk, North Korean politician (d. 2005)
• 1931 – Monica Vitti, Italian actress
• 1931 – Michael Fu Tieshan, Chinese bishop (d. 2007)
• 1933 – Ken Berry, American actor
• 1933 – John Barry, English composer
• 1933 – Jeremy Brett, English actor (d. 1995)
• 1933 – Aneta Corsaut, American actress (d. 1995)
• 1933 – Michael Dukakis, American politician
• 1933 – Amartya Sen, Indian economist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1934 – Ruma Guha Thakurta, Indian singer and actress
• 1936 – Roy Emerson, Australian tennis player
• 1937 – Dietrich Möller, German politician
• 1938 – Takao Saito, Japanese mangaka
• 1938 – Martin Dunwoody, British mathematician
• 1938 – Akira Kobayashi, Japanese singer
• 1938 – Jean Rollin, French director and screenwriter
• 1943 – Bert Jansch, Scottish folk musician
• 1945 – Ken Holtzman, American baseball player and manager
• 1945 – Gerd Müller, German footballer
• 1945 – J. D. Souther, American country-rock singer
• 1946 – Tom Savini, American actor
• 1946 – Wataru Takeshita, Japanese politician
• 1947 – Mazie Hirono, American politician
• 1948 – Lulu, British actress and singer
• 1948 – Takashi Kawamura, Japanese politician
• 1948 – Helmut Koinigg, Austrian racing driver (d. 1974)
• 1948 – Rick Kreuger, American baseball player
• 1949 – Larry Holmes, American boxer
• 1949 – Anna Wintour, English-born American magazine editor
• 1949 – Mike Evans, American actor (d. 2006)
• 1950 – Joe Queenan, American writer
• 1950 – Massimo Mongai, Italian writer
• 1951 – Ed Murawinski, American cartoonist
• 1951 – Dwight Evans, American baseball player
• 1952 – Roseanne Barr, American actress and comedian
• 1952 – Jim Cummings, American voice actor
• 1952 – David Ho, Taiwanese-American AIDS researcher
• 1953 – Kate Capshaw, American actress
• 1953 – Helios Creed, American musician (Chrome)
• 1953 – Larry Herndon, American baseball player
• 1953 – Dennis Miller, American comedian
• 1954 – Adam Ant, English singer
• 1955 – Teresa De Sio, Italian singer-songwriter
• 1955 – Phil Simms, American football player
• 1956 – Kevin Murphy, American actor and puppeteer
• 1956 – Gary Ross, American film director
• 1957 – Dolph Lundgren, Swedish actor
• 1959 – Hal Hartley, American film director and writer
• 1960 – Karch Kiraly, American volleyball player
• 1962 – Jacqui Smith UK Member of Parliament and former Home Secretary
• 1962 – Gabe Newell, co-founder of Valve Corporation
• 1963 – Ian Wright, English footballer
• 1963 – Shigeaki Hattori, Japanese racing driver
• 1964 – Paprika Steen, Danish actress
• 1967 – John Tomac, American cyclist
• 1967 – Steven Wilson, English musician (Porcupine Tree)
• 1967 – Mike O'Neill, Canadian hockey player
• 1968 – Paul Quantrill, Canadian baseball player
• 1969 – Robert Miles, Swiss record producer and musician
• 1969 – Tommy Tiernan, Irish comedian
• 1971 – Dylan Moran, Irish comedian
• 1971 – Diego Alessi, Italian race car driver
• 1971 – Dwight Yorke, Trinidad and Tabago footballer
• 1972 – Ugo Ehiogu, English footballer
• 1973 – Kirk Jones, American musician
• 1973 – Nemone, British athlete and broadcaster
• 1973 – Mick Thomson, American guitarist (Slipknot)
• 1973 – Ben Fogle, TV personality, writer and broadcaster
• 1974 – Tariq Abdul-Wahad, French basketball player
• 1974 – Sonali Kulkarni, Indian actress
• 1975 – Darren Sharper, American football player
• 1976 – Tōko Aoyama, Japanese voice actress
• 1976 – Guillermo Franco, Argentine/Mexican footballer
• 1976 – Jake Shimabukuro, American ukulele player
• 1977 – Aria Giovanni, American model
• 1978 – Hiroko Sakai, Japanese softball player
• 1978 – Koshiro Take, Japanese jockey
• 1978 – Julia Taylor, European pornographic actress
• 1979 – Pablo Aimar, Argentine footballer
• 1979 – Beau McDonald, Australian footballer
• 1979 – Tim McIlrath, American musician (Rise Against)
• 1981 – Sten Pentus, Estonian racing driver
• 1982 – Evgeny Plushenko, Russian figure skater
• 1983 – Julie Marie Berman, American actress
• 1983 – Suzane von Richthofen, Brazilian murderess
• 1984 – Ryo Nishikido, Japanese idol (NEWS, Kanjani Eight)
• 1984 – Christian Bakkerud, Danish racing driver
• 1985 – Tyler Hansbrough, American basketball player
• 1986 – Paul Derbyshire, Italian rugby player
• 1986 – Heo Young Saeng, Korean singer (SS501)
• 1987 – Colin Kaepernick, American football player
• 1987 – Felix Schütz, German ice hockey player
• 1987 – Elizabeth Smart, American kidnapping victim
• 1987 – Gemma Ward, Australian model
• 1988 – Angus McLaren, Australian actor
• 1989 – Paula DeAnda, American singer
• 1990 – Ellyse Perry, Australian footballer and cricketer

Deaths

• 361 – Constantius II, Roman Emperor (b. 317)
• 753 – Pirminius, German saint (b. 753)
• 1254 – John III Doukas Vatatzes, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1193)
• 1428 – Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury, English military leader (mortally wounded in battle) (b. 1388)
• 1580 – Jeronimo Zurita y Castro, Spanish historian (b. 1512)
• 1584 – Charles Borromeo, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1538)
• 1600 – Richard Hooker, English theologian (b. 1554)
• 1643 – John Bainbridge, English astronomer (b. 1582)
• 1643 – Paul Guldin, Swiss astronomer and mathematician (b. 1577)
• 1711 – John Ernest Grabe, German-born Anglican theologian (b. 1666)
• 1787 – Robert Lowth, British bishop and grammarian (b. 1710)
• 1793 – Olympe de Gouges, French feminist and revolutionary (b. 1748)
• 1794 – François-Joachim de Pierre de Bernis, French cardinal and statesman (b. 1715)
• 1869 – Andreas Kalvos, Greek poet (b. 1792)
• 1890 – Ulrich Ochsenbein, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1811)
• 1891 – Louis Lucien Bonaparte, French politician and linguist (b. 1813)
• 1917 – Léon Bloy, French novelist and essayist (b. 1846)
• 1918 – Aleksandr Mikhailovich Lyapunov, Russian scientist (b. 1857)
• 1926 – Annie Oakley, American sharp-shooter (b. 1860)
• 1927 – Karel Matěj Čapek-Chod, Czech journalist (b. 1860)
• 1929 – Olav Aukrust, Norwegian poet (b. 1883)
• 1933 – Emile Roux, French scientist (b. 1853)
• 1939 – Charles Tournemire, French composer and organist (b. 1870)
• 1949 – Solomon R. Guggenheim, American art collector and philanthropist (b. 1861)
• 1954 – Henri Matisse, French artist (b. 1869)
• 1957 – Wilhelm Reich, Austrian psychotherapist (b. 1897)
• 1957 – Laika, Soviet space dog and first mammal to orbit the Earth (b. 1954)
• 1960 – Paul Willis, American actor (b. 1901)
• 1964 – John Henry Barbee, American guitarist and singer (b. 1905)
• 1970 – Peter II of Yugoslavia (b. 1923)
• 1973 – Marc Allégret, French director and screenwriter (b. 1900)
• 1975 – Syed Nazrul Islam, Bangladeshi politician and a senior leader of the Awami League. (b. 1925)
• 1975 – A. H. M. Qamaruzzaman, Bangladeshi politician and a senior leader of the Awami League. (b. 1926)
• 1975 – Tajuddin Ahmad, Bangladeshi politician and a senior leader of the Awami League. (b. 1925)
• 1975 – Muhammad Mansur Ali,a.k.a. Captain Mansur Ali, Bangladeshi politician and a senior leader of the Awami League. (b. 1919)
• 1983 – Alfredo Antonini, American conductor and composer (b. 1901)
• 1984 – Richard Hurndall, British actor (b. 1910)
• 1987 – Mary Shane, American Sportscater (b. 1945)
• 1990 – Mary Martin, American actress (b. 1913)
• 1991 – Mort Shuman, American singer and songwriter (b. 1936)
• 1991 – Chris Bender American R&B singer (b. 1972)
• 1993 – Leon Theremin, Russian inventor (b. 1895)
• 1994 – Alvin Andreas Herborg Nielsen, American Physicist (b. 1910)
• 1995 – Gordon S. Fahrni, physician and president of the Canadian Medical Association (b. 1887)
• 1995 – John Orchard, British actor (b. 1928)
• 1996 – Abdullah Çatlı, a Turkish nationalist and neofascist activist (b. 1956)
• 1996 – Jean-Bédel Bokassa, President of the Central African Republic (b. 1921)
• 1998 – Bob Kane, comic artist and Batman co-creator (b. 1915)
• 1999 – Ian Bannen, Scottish actor (b. 1928)
• 2001 – Ernst Gombrich, Austrian art historian (b. 1909)
• 2002 – Lonnie Donegan, Scottish musician (b. 1931)
• 2002 – Jonathan Harris, American actor (b. 1914)
• 2003 – Rasul Gamzatov, Russian poet (b. 1923)
• 2004 – Sergei Zholtok, Latvian hockey player (b. 1972)
• 2006 – Paul Mauriat, French musician (b. 1925)
• 2006 – Alberto Spencer, Ecuadorean footballer (b. 1937)
• 2006 – Marie Rudisill, American author and "Fruitcake Lady" (b. 1911)
• 2007 – Martin Meehan, Irish republican (b. 1945)
• 2007 – Aleksandr Dedyushko (b. 1962)
• 2007 – Ryan Shay, American runner (b. 1979)
• 2009 – Francisco Ayala, Spanish novelist (b. 1906)

Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day:
  • Acepsimas of Hnaita and companions (Greek Orthodox Church)
  • Hubertus
  • Malachy O' More
  • Martin de Porres
  • Winefride
• Culture Day, originally celebrated as Emperor's Birthday until the Meiji Emperor's death in 1912. (Japan), and its related observances:
  • Feudal Lord's Parade or Hakone Daimyō Gyōretsu (Hakone, Kanagawa)
• Independence Day / Separation Day, celebrates the separation and independence of Panama from Colombia in 1903.
• Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Dominica from the United Kingdom in 1978.
• Independence Day, celebrates the independence of the Federated States of Micronesia from the United States in 1986.

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada